Ntsiab Cai
- Yog - acetone thiab dej yog miscible kiag li: lawv sib tov nyob rau hauv tag nrho cov proportions uas tsis muaj solubility txwv (piv txwv li tsis muaj qhov siab tshaj plaws g / L tus nqi siv, txij li thaum acetone dissolves nyob rau hauv dej ntawm ib tug ratio mus rau ntshiab acetone).
- Cov pawg polar carbonyl ntawm acetone txais hydrogen bonds los ntawm dej molecules.
- Acetone nws tus kheej tsis tuaj yeem tsim hydrogen bonds nrog lwm cov acetone molecules; Nws lub zog intermolecular yog lub zog dispersion.
- Qhov no hydrogen- kev lees txais daim ntawv cog lus yog vim li cas acetone coj zoo li lub cev hnyav thiab sib xyaw nrog dej, tsis zoo li tsis yog - cov kuab tshuaj polar xws li hexane.
1. Cov lus teb luv luv
Yog lawm.Acetone (CAS 67-64-1)dissolves kiag li nyob rau hauv dej - ob lub kua yog miscible nyob rau hauv tag nrho cov proportions, yog li tsis muaj lub siab solubility txwv.
2. Vim li cas Acetone Thiab Dej Sib xyaw
Acetone molecules muaj cov polar carbonyl pawg (C=O) uas tso cai rau lawv txais hydrogen bonds los ntawm lwm cov tebchaw, suav nrog dej. Acetone nws tus kheej tsis muaj polar O-H lossis N-H bonds, yog li acetone molecules tsis tuaj yeem tsim hydrogen bonds nrog ib leeg; Lub zog intermolecular ntawm acetone molecules yog dispersion rog. Dej, ntawm qhov tod tes, muaj ob lub ncov qaumteb qabteb O-H daim ntawv cog lus: qhov zoo me ntsis hydrogen atoms nyiam me ntsis oxygen atoms ntawm cov dej nyob sib ze, tsim cov hydrogen bonds. Thaum acetone ntxiv rau hauv dej, pawg polar carbonyl txais hydrogen bonds los ntawm dej, yog li cov acetone molecules nyob ib puag ncig thiab ruaj khov los ntawm cov dej molecules - qhov sib tov yog homogeneous ntawm txhua qhov sib piv.
3. Daim duab loj: Polarity Thiab "Zoo li Dissolves Like"
Txoj cai ntawm tus ntiv tes xoo "zoo li yaj zoo li" ua haujlwm ntawm no: ob qho tib si dej thiab acetone yog polar, yog li lawv sib tov dawb. Acetone's hydrogen-bond- txais carbonyl ua rau nws muaj txiaj ntsig zoo polar solvent rau ntau lub ncov qaumteb qabteb thiab hydrogen-bonding solutes, thiab lub peev xwm los dilute acetone nrog dej yog qhov tseem ceeb hauv kev tu thiab kev ua haujlwm. Los ntawm qhov sib txawv, tsis yog - cov kuab tshuaj polar xws li hexane tsis sib xyaw nrog dej, vim tias lawv tsis tuaj yeem tsim cov hydrogen- cov khoom sib txuas uas cov dej xav tau.
Cov lus nug nquag
Dab tsi yog qhov solubility ntawm acetone hauv dej?
Acetone yog infinitely soluble nyob rau hauv dej - txhais tau tias tsis tas solubility nqi nyob rau hauv g/L, txij li thaum ob yog miscible nyob rau hauv tag nrho cov proportions, los ntawm ib tug kab ntawm acetone nyob rau hauv dej mus rau ntshiab acetone. Tsis zoo li cov tshuaj uas muaj kev txwv tsis pub solubility (xws li "36 g ib 100 mL"), acetone- cov dej sib tov nyob twj ywm ib theem homogeneous txawm tias qhov piv.
acetone puas tuaj yeem yaj hauv dej?
Yog lawm. Acetone dissolves nyob rau hauv dej tag nrho, nyob rau hauv ib tug ratio, vim hais tias nws polar carbonyl pawg (C=O) tsim hydrogen bonds nrog dej molecules, cia acetone sib tov rau hauv dej hydrogen- bond network es tsis txhob sib cais tawm.
Q1. Puas muaj qhov txwv tsis pub solubility rau acetone hauv dej?
Tsis muaj - acetone thiab dej yog miscible kiag li nyob rau hauv tag nrho cov proportions.
Q2. Vim li cas acetone thiaj txais tau hydrogen bonds tab sis tsis pub lawv?
Nws cov polar carbonyl oxygen yog ib qho muaj zog hydrogen- daim ntawv cog lus, tab sis acetone tsis muaj O-H lossis N-H pab pawg los pub cov nyiaj hydrogen.
Q3. Puas yog acetone tsim hydrogen bonds nrog nws tus kheej?
Tsis muaj - acetone molecules cuam tshuam los ntawm dispersion rog, uas yog vim li cas cov ntshiab acetone boils ntawm qhov kub tsis tshua muaj.
Q4. Kuv puas tuaj yeem dilute acetone nrog dej los ntxuav?
Yog lawm, dej- sib tov acetone yog siv los ntxuav thiab tsim; khaws cov nplaim taws thiab qhov cua hauv siab.