Raws li lub ntsiab lus ntawm International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry (IUPAC), lub catalyst yog ib yam khoom uas nce tus nqi ntawm cov tshuaj tiv thaiv yam tsis tau hloov Gibbs dawb zog hloov nyob rau hauv cov qauv ntawm cov tshuaj tiv thaiv. [2] [6] Qhov kev txiav txim no hu ua catalysis, thiab cov tshuaj tiv thaiv uas muaj cov catalyst hu ua catalytic cov tshuaj tiv thaiv.
Catalyst
Cov muaj pes tsawg leeg, cov khoom siv tshuaj lom neeg thiab cov khoom loj ntawm cov catalyst tsis hloov ua ntej thiab tom qab cov tshuaj tiv thaiv, thiab nws txoj kev sib raug zoo nrog cov tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob zoo li kev sib raug zoo ntawm lub xauv thiab qhov tseem ceeb, uas yog xaiv heev (los yog tshwj xeeb). Tsis yog ib qho catalyst yog catalytic rau tag nrho cov tshuaj tiv thaiv;
Lwm Cov Lus Txhais
Kuj tseem muaj lus hais tias cov catalysts koom nrog cov tshuaj tiv thaiv. Nyob rau hauv tag nrho cov tshuaj tiv thaiv, lub luag hauj lwm ntawm lub catalyst yog kom txo tau lub activation zog yuav tsum tau rau cov tshuaj tiv thaiv tshwm sim, qhov tseem ceeb tig ib tug kuj nyuaj cov tshuaj tiv thaiv rau hauv ob yam tshuaj uas yuav tshwm sim tau yooj yim (qhov opposite yog hu ua ib tug inhibitor). Hauv ob qhov kev cuam tshuam no, cov catalyst plays lub luag haujlwm ntawm reactant hauv thawj cov tshuaj tiv thaiv, thiab cov catalyst plays lub luag haujlwm ntawm cov khoom hauv cov tshuaj tiv thaiv thib ob, yog li los ntawm qhov kev xav ntawm tag nrho cov tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob, cov catalyst tsis hloov ua ntej thiab tom qab cov tshuaj tiv thaiv. .
Feem ntau hais lus, lub catalyst yog hais txog cov khoom siv uas koom nrog cov txheej txheem nruab nrab ntawm cov tshuaj tiv thaiv tshuaj thiab tuaj yeem xaiv hloov tus nqi ntawm cov tshuaj tiv thaiv tshuaj, thaum nws qhov ntau thiab cov khoom siv tshuaj tseem ceeb tsis hloov ua ntej thiab tom qab cov tshuaj tiv thaiv. Cov nyhuv ntawm cov catalyst kom nrawm cov tshuaj tiv thaiv thiab ua rau cov tshuaj tiv thaiv kom ncav cuag cov tshuaj sib npaug sai li sai tau yog hu ua catalysis, tab sis nws tsis hloov qhov sib npaug ntawm cov tshuaj tiv thaiv.