Tsis yog, cyclohexanone tsis muaj ntxhiab tsw.Txawm hais tias nws muaj rau -cov pa roj carbon rings zoo ib yam li benzene, cyclohexanone txais yuav tsis yog -planar lub rooj zaum conformation, tsis muaj qhov txuas txuas txuas ntxiv π-electron system, thiab tsis txaus siab Hückel Txoj Cai (4n+2 π electrons nyob rau hauv ib qho kev sib koom ua ke). Nws lub nplhaib carbons feem ntau yog sp³-hybridized, thiab tsuas yog π-electron system tam sim no yog lub zos carbonyl (C=O) pawg - tsis yog lub nplhaib delocalized. Yog li Cyclohexanone tau muab cais ua ib qhoaliphatic cyclic ketone lub cev, tsis yog ib qho aromatic compound.
Cyclhexanone Molecular Structure
Cyclhexanone (C₆H₁₀O CAS 108-94-1)muaj rau - cov pa roj carbon rings nrog ib tug carbon hloov los ntawm ib pawg carbonyl (C=O). Tsis zoo li benzene, uas yog tiaj tus thiab tag nrho conjugated, cyclohexanone lub nplhaib txais yuav peb -dimensionalrooj zaum conformation, nrog cov carbonyl carbon thiab nws ob qho tib si cov pa roj carbon monoxide roughly coplanar, thaum tus so ntawm lub nplhaib puckers tawm ntawm lub dav hlau - tib yam dav dav pom nyob rau hauv cyclohexane, tsuas yog nrog ib tug CH₂ hloov los ntawm C=O.
Dab tsi ua kom muaj ntxhiab tsw qab?
Raws li Hückel Txoj Cai, ib qho chaw yuav tsum tau ntsibplaub yam xwm txheejyuav muab faib ua aromatic:
| Kev xav tau | Lub ntsiab lus | Vim Li Cas Nws Tseem Ceeb |
|---|---|---|
| Cyclic | Cov qauv yuav tsum tsim lub nplhaib kaw | Yog tsis muaj lub nplhaib, tsis muaj txoj hauv kev rau kev nruam electron delocalization |
| Planar | Txhua lub nplhaib atoms yuav tsum pw hauv (los yog ze heev) ib lub dav hlau | Planarity tso cai rau p-orbitals los sib dhos thiab sib tshooj tsis tu ncua ntawm lub nplhaib |
| Siab conjugated | Txhua lub nplhaib atom yuav tsum muaj ap-orbital muaj rau sib tshooj (feem ntau ntawm kev sib hloov ob daim ntawv cog lus) | So hauv conjugation (piv txwv li, ib qho sp³ carbon) thaiv electron delocalization |
| 4n +2 π electrons | Lub nplhaib delocalized π-electron suav yuav tsum haum cov qauv 4n+2 (n=0, 1, 2...) | Qhov kev suav electron no sib raug rau qhov tshwj xeeb ruaj khov, tag nrho cov txheej txheem ntawm kev sib txuas lus molecular orbitals |
Vim li cas Cyclhexanone tsis muaj ntxhiab?
Tsis yog -Planar Ring Structure
Cyclhexanone lub nplhaib siv lub rooj zaum puckered conformation es tsis yog lub dav hlau tiaj tus. Qhov peb -dimensional geometry no tiv thaiv hom kev nruam, sab-los ntawm- sab p- orbital alignment uas aromatic systems xav tau, vim feem ntau ntawm cov nplhaib carbons yog tetrahedral (sp³) es tsis yog tiaj (sp²).
Tsis Txuas Ntxiv π Conjugation
Aromaticity yuav tsum tau ib txoj saw tsis tawg ntawm p-orbitals nyob ib ncig ntawm tag nrho lub nplhaib. Hauv cyclohexanone, tsib ntawm rau lub nplhaib carbon yog sp³-hybridized (ib zaug-bonded, saturated carbons), uas tsis muaj p- orbital muaj rau conjugation. Tsuas yog cov carbonyl carbon thiab oxygen ua rau π-electron system, thiab nws raug cais tsis yog koom nrog lwm lub nplhaib.
Fais Hückel Txoj Cai
Vim tias tsis muaj lub nplhaib txuas ntxiv ntawm kev sib txuas ntawm p-orbitals, tsis muaj delocalized π-electron suav los ntsuas tawm tsam 4n+2 txoj cai hauv thawj qhov chaw. Hückel Txoj Cai tsuas yog tsis siv rau lub kaw lus uas tsis yog tag nrho conjugated thiab cov phiaj xwm pib nrog - cyclohexanone ua tsis tiav ntawm qhov kev xav tau ua ntej.
Localized Carbonyl Bond
C=O daim ntawv cog lus hauv cyclohexanone coj zoo li cov ketone carbonyl ib txwm: reactive, polarized, thiab localized rau tsuas yog carbonyl carbon thiab oxygen atoms. Qhov no yog qhov sib txawv ntawm benzene's π system, qhov twg tag nrho rau p-orbitals sib tshooj rau hauv ib qho hluav taws xob delocalized huab cua kis thoob plaws tag nrho lub nplhaib.
Aromaticity Evaluation Summary
| Kev xav tau | Cyclhexanone |
|---|---|
| Cyclic | ✓ |
| Planar | ✗ |
| Siab conjugated | ✗ |
| 4n +2 π electrons (delocalized) | ✗ (tsis siv tau - tsis muaj kev sib txuas tag nrho) |
| Aromatic | Tsis muaj |
Cyclhexanone vs. Benzene
| Feature | Cyclhexanone | Benzene |
|---|---|---|
| Qauv | Rau -ntiv nplhaib nrog ib pawg carbonyl | Rau -ntiv nplhaib koom nrog, tag nrho conjugated |
| Hybridization | Feem ntau sp³ (ntiv nplhaib carbons), sp² ntawm carbonyl carbon | Tag nrho cov pa roj carbon sp² |
| Electron Delocalization | Localized rau C=O nkaus xwb | Siab delocalized hla lub nplhaib |
| Aromaticity | Tsis muaj ntxhiab (aliphatic cyclic ketone) | Aromatic |
| Tej yam tshwm sim | Nucleophilic ntxiv, txo, oxidation, enolization | Electrophilic aromatic hloov pauv |
| Kev Siv Hluav Taws Xob | Nylon precursor, muaj kuab tshuaj, tshuaj intermediate | Precursor rau styrene, phenol, thiab lwm yam tshuaj tsw qab |
Qhov kev sib piv tseem ceeb vim hais tias cyclohexanone reactivity yog tswj hwm los ntawm nws pawg carbonyl, tsis yog los ntawm ib lub nplhaib aromatic - qhov no yog vim li cas nws coj txawv txawv ntawm benzene nyob rau hauv tshuaj synthesis, txawm lub superficial zoo sib xws ntawm "ib tug rau- koom nrog carbon nplhaib."
Chemical Properties ntawm Cyclohexanone
Cyclhexanone's reactivity chaw nyob ntawm nws pawg carbonyl (C=O), uas ua rau nws muaj txiaj ntsig zoo hauv ntau qhov kev hloov pauv hauv cov organic:
- Ntxiv nucleophilic- carbonyl carbon yog electrophilic, tso cai rau nucleophiles (xws li Grignard reagents lossis hydride qhov chaw) ntxiv hla C=O daim ntawv cog lus.
- Kev txo qis- cyclohexanone tuaj yeem txo tau rau cyclohexanol siv cov tshuaj txo qis xws li sodium borohydride lossis los ntawm catalytic hydrogenation.
- Oxidation- nyob rau hauv muaj zog oxidizing tej yam kev mob, lub nplhaib yuav cleaved los tsim adipic acid, ib tug tseem ceeb nylon precursor.
- Enolization- zoo li lwm cov ketones, cyclohexanone tuaj yeem tsim ib qho enol tautomer, ua rau alpha-carbons reactive nyob rau hauv condensation thiab alkylation tshuaj.
- Hydrogenation feedstock- cyclohexanone yog nws tus kheej feem ntau ua lag luam los ntawm ib nrab hydrogenation ntawm phenol lossis oxidation ntawm cyclohexane.
Lub cev muaj zog ntawm Cyclohexanone (CAS 108-94-1)
| Khoom | Tus nqi |
|---|---|
| Tshuaj npe | Cyclhexanone |
| CAS Nr | 108-94-1 |
| Molecular Formula | C₆H₁₀O |
| Molecular Luj | 98,14 g / mol |
| Qhov tshwm sim | Tsis muaj xim rau daj ntseg daj, oily kua |
| tsw | Minty, acetone -zoo li |
| Boiling Point | ~ 155.6–156 degree |
| Melting Point | ~ 31℃rau −47℃(nws txawv ntawm qhov chaw / purity) |
| Ceev (20 degree) | 0.9478 g / cm³ |
| Flash Point | ~ 44℃(kaw khob) |
| Dej Solubility | ~ 23 g / L ntawm 25 degree |
| Solubility | Soluble hauv cawv, ether, benzene, thiab chloroform |
Vim li cas Nws Tsis yog - Cov Khoom Siv Hluav Taws Xob Hauv Kev Lag Luam
Nws yuav zoo li qhov txawv ntawm kev kawm, tab sis cyclohexanone qhov tsis muaj aromaticity yog lub luag haujlwm ncaj qha rau nws cov nqi lag luam. Vim hais tias nws cov reactivity yog tsav los ntawm ib cheeb tsam, reactive carbonyl pawg es tsis yog ib tug ruaj khov aromatic nplhaib, cyclohexanone nkag mus rau lub nplhaib - qhib oxidation kev xav tau los tsim adipic acid thiab caprolactam - ob qho tseem ceeb precursors ntawm nylon 6,6 thiab nylon 6, feem. Lub nplhaib uas muaj ntxhiab, los ntawm qhov sib txawv, tiv thaiv qhov kev hloov pauv ntawm qhov kev hloov pauv sai vim tias nws cov khoom siv hluav taws xob delocalized yog li ruaj khov. Hauv luv luv: cyclohexanone's carbonyl reactivity - enabled los ntawm nws tsis yog - aromatic qauv - yog dab tsi ua rau nws pab tau raws li ib tug hnyav, ib tug tshuaj intermediate, thiab ib tug nylon precursor.
Cyclhexanone Kev Siv Khoom Siv Ntau
- Nylon ntau lawm- thawj kev lag luam siv, ua tus thawj coj rau adipic acid (rau nylon 6,6) thiab caprolactam (rau nylon 6).
- Xim thiab coatings- siv los ua cov kuab tshuaj, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog rau cov txheej txheem uas muaj nitrocellulose, vinyl chloride polymers, thiab methacrylate polymers.
- Resins thiab adhesives- dissolves ntau yam ntawm ntuj thiab hluavtaws resins, waxes, thiab cellulosics.
- Printing inks- muaj nuj nqis rau nws cov kuab tshuaj thiab tswj tus nqi evaporation.
- Electronics manufacturing- siv nyob rau hauv tej yam kev tu thiab formulation txheej txheem.
- Tshuaj tua kab thiab agrochemical formulation- yog ib qho hnyav rau ntau yam tshuaj tua kab mob thiab lwm yam khoom xyaw nquag.
- General chemical intermediate- siv rau hauv cov organic synthesis, ntoo stains, xim thiab kua roj vanish tshem tawm, thiab hlau degreasing.
Kev xav txog kev nyab xeeb
Cyclohexanone yog cov kua ua kua, uas yuav tsum tau muaj cov kuab tshuaj tus qauv -kev ceev faj:
- Flash pointntawm kwv yees li 44℃(kaw khob) txhais tau hais tias nws yuav tsum tau khaws cia kom deb ntawm cov nplaim taws, cov nplaim taws, thiab lwm yam khoom siv hluav taws xob, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog nyob rau hauv cov huab cua sov.
- Qhov cua: siv nyob rau hauv qhov chaw zoo- qhov cua los yog nyob rau hauv lub zos tso pa tawm / fume hood extraction, vim vapors hnyav dua huab cua thiab tuaj yeem sib sau nyob rau hauv qis -dab los yog qhov chaw kaw.
- Cia: khaws cia rau hauv cov thawv kaw kom nruj kom deb ntawm cov oxidizers muaj zog - cyclohexanone tuaj yeem tsim cov peroxides tawg nrog hydrogen peroxide thiab reacts nrog cov ntaub ntawv zoo li nitric acid.
- PPE: siv tshuaj lom neeg- hnab looj tes tiv thaiv thiab tiv thaiv qhov muag kom tsis txhob muaj tawv nqaij thiab qhov muag, vim tias cyclohexanone yog ib qho khaus khaus.
- Nco ntsoov sab laj nrog Daim Ntawv Qhia Txog Kev Nyab Xeeb tam sim no (SDS) rau kev tuav tag nrho, khaws cia, thiab nthuav tawm - txwv kev taw qhia tshwj xeeb rau koj qib khoom.
Cov lus nug nquag
Puas yog cyclohexanone aromatic?
Tsis yog. Cyclhexanone yog ib yam uas tsis yog - aromatic, aliphatic cyclic ketone. Nws muaj rau -nplhaib koom nrog tab sis tsis muaj lub hom phiaj thiab kev sib txuas txuas ntxiv uas xav tau rau aromaticity.
Puas yog cyclohexanone aliphatic?
Yog lawm. Txij li nws tsis muaj ntxhiab tsw, cyclohexanone yog cais raws li aliphatic (tshwj xeeb, alicyclic) compound - ib lub voj voog uas tsis muaj ntxhiab tsw.
Puas yog cyclohexanone anti- aromatic?
Tsis yog. Anti-aromaticity yuav tsum tau ib lub hom phiaj, tag nrho conjugated nplhaib nrog 4n π electrons, uas yog destabilizing. Cyclohexanone tsis tau raws li qhov kev xav tau ntawm kev sib koom ua ke lossis kev sib koom ua ke txhua, yog li nws tsuas yog tsis yog - aromatic - tsis tiv thaiv - aromatic.
Vim li cas cyclohexanone tsis muaj ntxhiab tsw?
Vim tias nws lub nplhaib tsis yog -planar (lub rooj zaum conformation), feem ntau ntawm nws cov nplhaib carbons yog sp³-hybridized es tsis yog sp², thiab nws tsis muaj qhov txuas ntxiv, delocalized π-electron system nyob ib ncig ntawm lub nplhaib - tag nrho cov uas yuav tsum tau rau aromaticity raws li Hückel txoj cai.
Puas yog cyclohexanone ua raws Hückel txoj cai?
Hückel Txoj Cai tsis muaj txiaj ntsig siv rau cyclohexanone, vim hais tias txoj cai tsuas yog ntsuas π- hluav taws xob suav hauv cov tshuab uas twb tau npaj thiab ua tiav tag nrho - cov xwm txheej cyclohexanone tsis txaus siab rau thawj qhov chaw.
Puas yog cyclohexanone planar?
Tsis yog. Cyclohexanone lub nplhaib txais yuav peb - qhov sib txawv ntawm lub rooj zaum, zoo ib yam li cyclohexane, es tsis yog dag zoo li benzene.
Dab tsi ua haujlwm pab pawg muaj cyclohexanone?
Cyclohexanone muaj ib pawg ketone ua haujlwm (carbonyl, C=O, txuas rau ob lub atoms hauv lub nplhaib).
Puas yog cyclohexanone yog ketone?
Yog lawm. Nws yog cyclic ketone - ib tug rau - cov pa roj carbon nplhaib nrog ib lub nplhaib carbon hloov los ntawm pawg carbonyl.
cyclohexanone txawv ntawm benzene li cas?
Cyclohexanone muaj ib qho tsis yog -planar, feem ntau yog sp³-hybridized nplhaib nrog cov pab pawg carbonyl hauv zos, thaum benzene yog ib lub tiaj tiaj, tag nrho cov nplhaib sib txuas nrog rau delocalized π electrons. Qhov sib txawv ntawm cov qauv no txhais tau tias cyclohexanone reacts feem ntau los ntawm nucleophilic ntxiv thiab oxidation ntawm nws pawg carbonyl, whereas benzene reacts los ntawm electrophilic aromatic hloov.
Vim li cas cyclohexanone tseem ceeb hauv kev tsim cov nylon?
Nws cov reactive, tsis yog -aromatic carbonyl pawg tso cai rau nws nkag tau yooj yim oxidized rau hauv adipic acid los yog hloov mus rau hauv caprolactam - ob qho tseem ceeb monomers siv los tsim nylon 6,6 thiab nylon 6, feem.
Cyclhexanone Supplier (CAS 108-94-1)
Tianjin Gnee Biotech Co., Ltdindustrial-qib cyclohexanone (CAS 108-94-1) rau nylon ntau lawm, coatings, thiab hnyav daim ntaub ntawv, nrog rau tag nrho SDS, COA, thiab TDS cov ntaub ntawv muaj. Tiv tauj peb rau kev qhia tshwj xeeb, tus nqi, thiab kev txhawb nqa ntau.