Glacial acetic acid thiab acetic acid yog tib yam tshuaj lom neeg (CH₃COOH), tab sis lawv txawv ntawm purity, dej cov ntsiab lus, concentration, thiab lub cev lub cev, uas ua rau muaj ntau hom kev lag luam thiab kev siv.
Acetic Acid yog dab tsi?
Acetic acid(CH₃COOH), tseem hu ua ethanoic acid, yog ib qho yooj yim carboxylic acid dav siv hauv kev tsim tshuaj, kev ua zaub mov, tshuaj, thiab kev siv tshuaj. Nws yog cov kua uas tsis muaj xim nrog cov kua qaub uas muaj zog - zoo li tsw thiab yog miscible tag nrho nrog dej.
Hauv kev tsim khoom lag luam, acetic acid feem ntau muaj nyob rau hauv ntau qhov ntau ntawm 5% mus rau 80%, nyob ntawm daim ntawv thov xav tau. Nws tuaj yeem muaj nyob hauv cov kab ke lom neeg thiab tseem tsim los ntawm txoj hauv kev xws li methanol carbonylation, acetaldehyde oxidation, lossis cov txheej txheem fermentation.
Acetic acid yog ib qho tsis muaj zog acid, txhais tau tias nws tsuas yog ib nrab dissociates hauv dej:
CH₃COOH ⇌ CH₃CO⁻ + H⁺
Nws yog dav siv raws li:
- Lub preservative thiab acidity regulator nyob rau hauv cov zaub mov (vinegar ~ 5-18%)
- Ib tug raw khoom nyob rau hauv chemical synthesis
- Ib qho hnyav hauv cov tshuaj tiv thaiv kev lag luam
- Tus neeg saib xyuas tu thiab descaling
Glacial Acetic Acid yog dab tsi?
Glacial acetic acidyog qhov siab -purity, ze li ntawm daim ntawv tsis muaj dej ntawm acetic acid, feem ntau muaj 99%–99.8% CH₃COOH, nrog dej cov ntsiab lus hauv qab 1%. Nws yog feem ntau hu ua "anhydrous acetic acid" hauv tshuaj synthesis.
Nws cov cuab yeej tshwj xeeb tshaj plaws yog nws qhov chaw khov ntawm 16.6-16.7 degree, qhov twg nws khov rau hauv dej khov- zoo li muaju, uas yog vim li cas nws thiaj li hu ua "glacial."
Cov khoom tseem ceeb ntawm lub cev muaj xws li:
- Molecular Luj: 60.06 g / mol
- Cov tsos mob: tsis muaj xim tsis muaj kua lossis crystalline khoom
- Kub taw tes: txog 118 degree
- Muaj zog vinegar- zoo li tsw
- Ntuj corrosive heev
Vim nws cov purity thiab reactivity, glacial acetic acid yog dav siv los ua ib qho tshuaj nruab nrab thiab hnyav nyob rau hauv siab -tus nqi muaj cov txheej txheem.
Qhov txawv ntawm Glacial Acetic Acid thiab Acetic Acid
Lub ntsiab sib txawv yog nyob rau hauv concentration thiab dej cov ntsiab lus, uas ncaj qha cuam tshuam rau lub cev tus cwj pwm thiab kev lag luam siv.
| Khoom | Glacial acetic acid | Acetic acid |
|---|---|---|
| Cov ntsiab lus dej | <1% | >1% (feem ntau ntau dua) |
| Purity | 99%–99.8% | 5% -80% nyob ntawm qib |
| Lub cev lub xeev | Ua kua los yog muaju hauv qab 16.6 degree | Ua kua ntawm chav tsev kub |
| Qhov chaw khov | 16.6-16.7 ° C | Nyob ntawm dilution |
| Corrosiveness | corrosive heev | Tsawg corrosive (diluted) |
| Reactivity | Siab dua | qis |
| tuav | Yuav tsum muaj kev nyab xeeb nruj | Kev tuav tau yooj yim dua |
Vim tias glacial acetic acid yuav luag dej -dawb, nws coj tus cwj pwm zoo hauv tshuaj lom neeg thiab ua rau muaj kev phiv tsawg dua piv rau cov kua qaub diluted acetic.
Kev siv thiab kev siv tshuab
Daim ntawv thov Glacial Acetic Acid
Vim nws siab purity thiab muaj zog reactivity,glacial acetic acidyog siv nyob rau hauv tshuaj synthesis thiab precision industrial txheej txheem, xws li:
- Kev tsim cov acetate esters (siv hauv txheej, nplaum, xim)
- Kev tsim cov cellulose acetate (fibers, films, plastics)
- Synthesis ntawm acetic anhydride (pharmaceutical thiab tshuaj intermediates)
- Kev siv tshuaj (raws li hnyav lossis catalyst hauv APIs xws li tshuaj aspirin, vitamins, tshuaj hormones)
- Analytical Chemistry (Titration thiab Laboratory Reactions)
Nws kuj tseem siv tau qhov uas tsis muaj impurity tsawg yog qhov tseem ceeb, vim tias nws cov ntsiab lus dej tsawg ua kom muaj txiaj ntsig zoo dua thiab tsawg dua los ntawm - khoom.
Kev siv acetic acid
Kev lag luam lossis diluted acetic acid feem ntau yog siv rau hauv loj - nplai, nqi - cov ntawv thov nkag siab, xws li:
- Textile processing thiab dyeing
- Hlau pickling thiab kho deg
- Adhesives thiab coatings manufacturing
- Kev tsim tshuaj lom neeg
- Kev lag luam khoom noj khoom haus (vinegar, preservatives, acidity tswj)
Piv nrog glacial acetic acid, diluted acetic acid yog yooj yim los lis thiab muaj kev nyab xeeb rau kev siv ntau, tab sis tsawg haum rau siab -precision synthesis.
Kev nyab xeeb thiab tuav qhov sib txawv
Ob daim ntawv ntawm acetic acid yog corrosive, tab sis glacial acetic acid yog ho txaus ntshai vim nws siab concentration.
Cov yam ntxwv tseem ceeb ntawm kev nyab xeeb:
- Glacial acetic acid tuaj yeem ua rau kub hnyiab heev thaum sib cuag ntawm daim tawv nqaij lossis qhov muag
- Cov vapors tuaj yeem ua rau lub cev ua pa
- Yuav tsum tau ntim cov thawv ntim, qhov cua, thiab cov khoom siv tiv thaiv
- Cia kub yuav tsum tau tswj kom tsis txhob crystallization
Diluted acetic acid tsis tshua muaj kev txhoj puab heev tab sis tseem yuav tsum muaj kev ceev faj txog kev nyab xeeb, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog nyob rau hauv kev lag luam ib puag ncig.
Vim li cas lub npe "Glacial"?
Lo lus "glacial" los ntawm nws lub peev xwm los khov rau hauv dej khov -zoo li cov muaju ntawm 16.6℃.
Qhov no tshwm sim vim muaj zog hydrogen bonding ntawm acetic acid molecules, feem ntau tsim cov dimers ruaj khov.
Xaus
Glacial acetic acid thiab acetic acid yog tib yam tshuaj lom neeg (CH₃COOH), tab sis lawv txawv ntawm purity, dej cov ntsiab lus, tus cwj pwm ntawm lub cev, thiab kev lag luam.
Glacial acetic acid yog ib qho siab -purity, heev reactive tshuaj siv nyob rau hauv synthesis, thaum acetic acid yog hais txog diluted coj mus muag qib siv nyob rau hauv loj -scale industrial thiab zaub mov daim ntaub ntawv.
Kev nkag siab txog qhov sib txawv no yog qhov tseem ceeb rau kev xaiv cov qib raug rau kev nyab xeeb, kev siv nyiaj txiag, thiab kev ua haujlwm ntawm cov tshuaj tiv thaiv.