1, hauv kev lag luam tshuaj, cov khoom siv tseem ceeb yog qhov tseem ceeb hauv kev sib xyaw ntawm ntau yam tshuaj. Cov tshuaj chlorine atom thiab nitro thiab lwm pab pawg ua haujlwm hauv nws cov qauv tuaj yeem koom nrog txhua yam tshuaj lom neeg cov tshuaj tiv thaiv, thiab tom qab ntawd qhia lwm cov pab pawg ua haujlwm lossis cov khoom tawg, thiaj li tsim cov tshuaj molecules nrog cov haujlwm tshwj xeeb. Piv txwv li, nws tuaj yeem siv los tsim cov khoom sib txuas ua ntej rau cov tshuaj tua kab mob, tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob thiab tshuaj tua kab mob, thiab cov khoom siv tshuaj zaum kawg tuaj yeem tau txais tom qab cov tshuaj tiv thaiv ntau theem.
Nyob rau hauv cov txheej txheem ntawm kev tsim tshuaj, cov tshuaj yuav siv tau rau kev tshuaj ntsuam xyuas thiab kev kawm tob ntawm cov tshuaj pharmacological. Cov kws tshawb fawb tuaj yeem siv nws raws li cov qauv sib xyaw ua ke txhawm rau sim nws cov teebmeem ntawm cov hom phiaj lom neeg tshwj xeeb, yog li muab cov txheej txheem theoretical thiab txhim khu kev qha hauv paus rau kev tsim tshuaj.
2, Kev tshawb fawb tshuaj
Substrate rau organic synthesis: Nyob rau hauv lub tshav pob ntawm cov organic synthesis, cov khoom muaj peev xwm mus koom nyob rau hauv ntau yam ntawm cov organic tshuaj, xws li hloov cov tshuaj tiv thaiv, coupling cov tshuaj tiv thaiv thiab thiaj li nyob. Hauv cov txheej txheem ntawm cov organic synthesis, nws tuaj yeem ua lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb ua cov khoom pib lossis cov tshuaj tiv thaiv nruab nrab rau kev sib txuas ntawm cov organic sib txuas nrog ntau cov qauv. Piv txwv li, los ntawm kev cuam tshuam nrog lwm cov tebchaw, cov pab pawg ua haujlwm tshiab tuaj yeem ua tiav, lossis cov paib carbon-carbon tshiab lossis carbon-heteroatom bonds tuaj yeem tsim tau.
Analytical chemistry reagents: Hauv kev tshuaj ntsuam chemistry, cov khoom siv tuaj yeem siv los ua tus qauv lossis kev tswj hwm, thiab tuav txoj haujlwm tseem ceeb hauv kev txhim kho thiab kev siv tau ntawm txoj kev tshuaj ntsuam xyuas. Piv txwv li, hauv chromatography, spectroscopy thiab lwm yam txuj ci, nws tuaj yeem siv los txiav txim siab qhov tseeb thiab kev ntseeg siab ntawm txoj kev tshuaj ntsuam xyuas.
3, Khoom siv
Kev tsim cov khoom siv ua haujlwm: Hauv cov khoom siv, cov khoom no tuaj yeem siv los ua cov khoom siv organic nrog cov haujlwm tshwj xeeb, xws li cov ntaub ntawv polymer thiab cov ntaub ntawv siv lead ua kua. Thaum lub sij hawm synthesis ntawm cov ntaub ntawv polymer, nws tuaj yeem koom rau hauv cov tshuaj tiv thaiv polymerization raws li monomer lossis copolymer monomer, uas tuaj yeem muab cov khoom tshwj xeeb rau cov khoom siv polymer, xws li kub tsis kam, tshuaj lom neeg thiab lwm yam.
Cov khoom siv kho mob saum npoo: Cov tshuaj no tuaj yeem ua lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb hauv kev txhim kho cov khoom saum npoo ntawm cov khoom raws li cov khoom siv kho qhov muag. Piv txwv li, nyob rau hauv kev kho deg ntawm cov ntaub ntawv hlau, nws muaj peev xwm hnov mob nrog cov hlau nto los ua ib tug tiv thaiv zaj duab xis, uas ho txhim kho corrosion kuj ntawm cov khoom hlau.
Yog tias koj xav paub ntxiv, thov nyem rau ntawm daim duab saum toj no!