1. Flammable thiab explosive tshuaj reagents
Feem ntau, cov tshuaj reagents nrog lub teeb nyem hauv qab 25 degree suav nrog cov tshuaj tua hluav taws xob, uas feem ntau yog cov kua dej tsis zoo uas tuaj yeem hlawv thaum raug hluav taws kub. Qhov qis dua qhov flash point, qhov ntau flammable. Feem ntau cov ntsiab lus hauv qab -4 degree suav nrog roj av, ethyl chloride, ethyl thee, ether, roj av, carbon dicarbide, propyl azi, benzene, ethyl acetate, thiab methyl acetate.
Thaum siv cov tshuaj siv tau yooj yim, koj yuav tsum tsis txhob siv hluav taws xob qhib. Cov tshuaj reagent no yuav tsum muab cia rau hauv qhov chaw txias thiab qhov cua, thaum muab tso rau hauv lub tub yees, nco ntsoov siv lub tub yees tawg, muaj kev sib tsoo uas khaws ether hauv lub tub yees zoo tib yam thiab ua rau hluav taws kub hnyiab tau. tag nrho chav kuaj.
Flammable reagents tseem tuaj yeem ua rau tawg thaum kub hnyiab, qee cov khoom siv tshuaj reagents xws li: nitrocellulose, picric acid, trinitrotoluene, trinitrobenzene, azide los yog overlapping compounds, horoate, thiab lwm yam, nws tus kheej yog tawg, kub los yog qhib nplaim taws, lawv yog heev flammable los yog. decomposed, tawg, nyob rau hauv kev siv ntawm cov tshuaj reagents yuav tsum tsis txhob ncaj qha rhuab, thaum siv cov tshuaj reagents, kuj xyuam xim rau ib puag ncig tsis muaj qhib nplaim taws.
Kuj tseem muaj chav kawm ntawm cov khoom siv tshuaj reagents, uas tuaj yeem hnov mob hnyav thaum raug dej, thiab tso tawm cov cua kub ntau, thiab tuaj yeem ua rau tawg. Cov tshuaj reagents xws li hlau poov tshuaj, sodium, lithium, calcium, aluminium hydride, calcium carbide, thiab lwm yam, thiab lawv yuav tsum raug zam los ntawm kev sib cuag ncaj qha nrog dej thaum siv cov tshuaj reagents.
Kuj tseem muaj qee cov tshuaj reagents uas tuaj yeem ua rau muaj zog oxidation thaum sib cuag nrog lawv. Qee tus ntawm lawv tuaj yeem ua rau tawg sai thiab tawg txawm tias thaum sib cuag nrog oxidants lossis cua sov, cuam tshuam lossis kev sib txhuam hauv huab cua. Xws li phosphorus sulfide, liab phosphorus magnesium hmoov, zinc hmoov, txhuas hmoov, puree, hlwb, thiab lwm yam., thaum siv cov tshuaj reagents, peb yuav tsum tau xyuam xim rau ib puag ncig qhov kub thiab txias tsis dhau (feem ntau tsis tshaj 30 degree, nyiam dua hauv qab 20 degree) Tsis txhob sib cuag nrog cov oxidants muaj zog.
Cov kws sim uas siv cov tshuaj tua hluav taws kub hnyiab yuav tsum hnav cov khoom siv tiv thaiv tsim nyog, nyiam dua cov iav tiv thaiv.
2. Cov tshuaj toxicity reagents
Cov tshuaj reagents feem ntau yog tshuaj lom rau tib neeg lub cev, yuav tsum zam kom tsis txhob muaj ntau qhov nqus pa thaum siv, tom qab siv cov tshuaj reagents, ntxuav tes, ntsej muag, da dej, hloov khaub ncaws ua haujlwm, rau qee qhov nqus tau los yog noj cov tshuaj me me. Cov tshuaj reagents uas tuaj yeem ua rau muaj kev phom sij rau kev tuag, kev sim tshuaj lom neeg rau cov koob tshuaj tuag (LD50) qis dua 50mg / kg yog hu ua cov tshuaj lom tshuaj lom neeg heev, xws li: potassium cyanide, sodium cyanide thiab lwm yam cyanide, arsenic trioxide thiab qee cov arsenide, mercuric dichloride thiab qee qhov. mercury ntsev, sulfuric acid, dimethyl ester thiab lwm yam. Thaum siv cov tshuaj reagents nrog kev ua haujlwm tsis meej, nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb kom paub txog nws cov LD50. Rau qee qhov kev siv tshuaj lom neeg cov tshuaj reagents, peb yuav tsum nkag siab txog cov txheej txheem kev kho mob thawj zaug thaum cov tshuaj reagents raug lom, thiab cov tshuaj lom neeg cov tshuaj reagents yuav tsum tau khaws cia los ntawm tus neeg tshwj xeeb thiab qhov kev siv yuav tsum tau tswj nruj me ntsis.
3. Cov tshuaj corrosive
Txhua yam tshuaj reagent yuav tsum tau muab ntxuav kom huv si thaum nws kov ntawm daim tawv nqaij, mucous daim nyias nyias, qhov muag, thiab cov kab mob ua pa, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog cov tshuaj reagents (txawm yog kua los yog khoom) uas tsis tshua muaj corrosive rau ntawm daim tawv nqaij, mucous daim nyias nyias, qhov muag, thiab cov kab mob ua pa, xws li: ntau yam acids thiab alkalis, phosphorus trichloride, phosphorus oxychloride, bromine, phenol, hydrazide, thiab lwm yam. Nws tseem yuav tsum tsis txhob kov cov tawv nqaij, mucous membranes, ob lub qhov muag, thiab cov kab mob ua pa, thiab nco ntsoov nkag siab txog kev kho thawj zaug. txoj kev sib cuag nrog cov tshuaj corrosive no ua ntej siv. Yog hais tias acid splashes ntawm daim tawv nqaij, nws yuav tsum tau ntxuav nrog dilute lye, thiab lwm yam.
4. Muaj zog oxidizing tshuaj reagents
Muaj zog oxidizing tshuaj reagents yog peroxides los yog oxygenated acids thiab lawv cov ntsev uas muaj zog oxidizing zog. Xws li: peroxide acid, nitric acid, potassium nitrate, perchloric acid thiab nws cov ntsev, bionic acid thiab nws cov ntsev, permanganic acid thiab nws cov ntsev, benzoic acid peroxide, perylic acid, phosphorus pentoxide thiab lwm yam. Muaj zog oxidizing chemical reagents tuaj yeem tso cov pa tawm kom tawg nyob rau hauv qhov tsim nyog, thiab tsim cov khoom tawg nrog cov organic magnesium, txhuas, zinc hmoov, sulfur thiab lwm yam khoom siv hluav taws xob, qee cov dej kuj tuaj yeem tawg, thaum siv cov tshuaj muaj zog oxidizing chemical reagents, qhov kub thiab txias yuav tsum. Tsis txhob siab tshaj 30 degree, qhov cua yuav tsum zoo, thiab yuav tsum tsis txhob siv ua ke nrog cov organic teeb meem los yog txo cov tshuaj (cua sov).
5. Radiochemical reagents
Thaum siv cov tshuaj reagents, nws yog ib qho tsim nyog yuav tsum tau siv cov kev tiv thaiv raws li txoj kev siv cov khoom siv hluav taws xob.